Russia Launches Two Military Satellites
Russia closed out 1999 with a pair of launches of military
satellites during the last week of December.
A Ukrainian-built Tsyklon-2 lifted off Sunday, December 26
from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, according to the Itar-TASS
press agency. No exact time of launch was given, but news reports
indicated that the launch was a success.
The launch was planned for several days earlier, but was
postponed by weather and technical problems. The payload was only
reported to be a military satellite, Kosmos 2367. Outside experts
believe the satellite is a new EORSAT naval reconnaissance satellite,
designed to locate and track naval fleets by monitoring radio, radar,
and other electromagnetic emissions.
A four-stage Molniya-M booster lifted off at 2:12 pm EST (1912
UT) December 28 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in northern Russia.
Russian officials identified the satellite only as Kosmos 2368.
The satellite is believed to be a reconnaissance satellite of
the Oko class, designed to provide early warning of missile launches.
Such satellites have been launched in the past by Molniya boosters
from Plesetsk and placed into highly elliptical orbits with perigees
of less than 1,000 km (620 mi.) and apogees of nearly 40,000 km (24,
800 mi.)
Space News reported in its December 20 issue that the Oko
satellite launch would help fill a critical gap in Russian
surveillance of American missile sites. Starting in 1997 a lack of
functioning satellites meant that there were gaps of as long as seven
hours a day in Russia's coverage of American sites.
A Zenit-2 booster was also planned to launch a Tselina signals
intelligence satellite in late December. Space News reported that
this launch was planned for December 20 to 23, but there…
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